Fanworm - Sabella spallanzanii

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European Fanworm is one of the easiest organisms to encounter during a dive or more simply when you go underwater at any depth. However, it is almost impossible not to stop and admire it trying to observe it for as long as possible because we know very well that in a few seconds it will disappear in its tube at the sight of the diver or any predators.

This time, however, the Fanworm has not disappeared despite the noises and vibrations that the emission of the bubbles form and which are practically impossible to avoid in a scuba diving with air. Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

We were able to film it in complete calm, even turning around it and as you can see from the video and photos, this spirograph allowed himself to be photographed and filmed in all its beauty and its colors even from a rather close distance.

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

 

Sabella spallanzanii is a species of marine polychaete worms in the family Sabellidae. Common names include the Mediterranean fanworm, the feather duster worm, the European fan worm and the pencil worm. It is native to shallow waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It has spread to various other parts of the world and is included on the Global Invasive Species Database.

The species’ name commemorates the 18th-century biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani.

Description

European fanworms are an invasive species in Australian waters. European fan worms grow to a total length of 9 to 40 cm (4 to 16 in) and are usually larger in deep water. They have stiff, sandy tubes formed from hardened mucus secreted by the worm which protrude from the sand, and a two-layered crown of feeding tentacles which can be retracted into the tube. One of the layers forms a distinct spiral. The colour of the tentacles is variable but they are usually banded in orange, purple and white or they may be a uniform pale grey. Various epiphytic organisms settle and grow on the tubes which may be rather wrinkled near their bases.

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

 

 

Distribution and habitat

European fanworm is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Its range extends from the United Kingdom and Ireland, through France, Spain and Portugal to Italy, Greece and Turkey. It is also known from South America and the southern African Namaqualand coast to Port Elizabeth. It first appeared in Western Australia in 1965 and since then has spread to other parts of southern Australia, and was first seen in New South Wales in 1996. It is regarded as an invasive species in Australia.

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

 


It is found at depths down to 30 m (98 ft) and is found in nutrient-rich waters in sheltered locations where there are no strong currents and little wave action. It grows on soft sediments or anchors itself to rocks, mollusc shells, jetties, pontoons or other solid surfaces. It may grow on the hulls of moored boats but does not usually foul vessels that are in frequent use.

 

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

 

 

Biology
The European fan worm is a filter feeder and feeds on bacteria, zooplankton, phytoplankton and suspended particles of organic matter. Individual worms are either male or female and liberate gametes into the sea. A large female can produce upwards of 50,000 eggs during the breeding season. The larvae are planktonic and settle to the seabed after about two weeks, metamorphosis taking place some ten days later.

 

Invasiveness
The European fan worm is a rather successful organism whose larvae can easily disperse to new locations. As an invasive species and a filter feeder, it competes with native species and with farmed oysters and mussels for food. Its presence in an area can alter water flows and sedimentation. In seagrass meadows it may grow on and weigh down leaf blades. There may be a reduction in the population of cumaceans, harpacticoid copepods and ostracods in the sediment and an increase in amphipods, barnacles and other species of tube worms on the tubes.

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

Fanworm Spirografo Sabella spallanzanii intotheblue.it

 

Uses
The European fan worm is able to bioaccumulate bacteria and has a profound effect on the marine bacterial environment. Microbes build up in the worm and are present at much higher concentrations in its tissues than in the surrounding water and this means the worm can be used as a bioindicator. It is efficient at filtering out Vibrio spp. bacteria that are pathogenic to fish and shellfish and can cause foodborne illness in man. It can also potentially be used for remediation of polluted water near sewage outlets.

https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabella_spallanzanii

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabella_spallanzanii

 

 

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Questo articolo è stato scritto il / This article was written on 11/12/2021
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