Five-saddle parrotfish female

The Five-saddle parrotfish, Scarus scaber female, or dusky-capped parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish; a parrotfish in the family Scaridae. It is native to Indian Ocean. This species grows to a maximum 37 cm in length and 900 g in weight. This species is widely distributed in the Indian Ocean (and around the islands therein) from western Thailand and northwest Indonesia in the east (southwards to Cocos-Keeling), and west to the coast of Africa (as far south as Natal and north to Red Sea and Gulf of Aden).

Return to the Missing Island

Diving on this reef halfway between Livorno and Gorgona Island is always fascinating and an adventure. In reality, we're about 8 nautical miles from Gorgona Island and about 10 nautical miles from Livorno. We're practically in the middle of the sea!

Cotylorhiza tuberculata

Cotylorhiza tuberculata is a species of jellyfish of the phylum Cnidaria, also known as the Mediterranean jellyfish, Mediterranean jelly, or fried egg jellyfish. It is commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea. Beautiful and elegant, it lends itself well to underwater photography and video shooting, making itself admired by all those who love the sea.

Black Grouper - Mycteroperca bonaci

The Black Grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci, belongs to the family of the Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae and includes numerous species of saltwater fish; they are large fish, which generally live in depth and are appreciated for their prized meats. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite fish that lives for a long time, some estimate even over 50 years, and that becomes male around the age of 12.

Diving in Santo Domingo’s coral reefs

Despite its small size, the Dominican Republic is home to nine national parks, including an underwater park located east of the capital: Parque Nacional Submarino La Caleta. It is the only entirely underwater reserve in the country. The Parque Nacional Submarino La Caleta (English: La Caleta Underwater National Park) is a national park located approximately 20 kilometres from Santo Domingo.

Two-banded sea Bream

Two-banded sea Bream, Diplodus vulgaris, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. It is an important species for fisheries and is grown in aquaculture. Diplodus vulgaris has an oval shaped, deep, compressed body with a moderately fleshy-lipped slightly protrusible mouth.

Blacktip reef Shark

The Blacktip reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) is a species of requiem shark; this species prefers shallow, inshore waters. Its exposed first dorsal fin is a common sight in the region. The blacktip reef shark is usually found over reef ledges and sandy flats. It typically attains a length of 1.6 m. Like other sharks, the females are larger than the males.

Oreaster reticulatus

The Red Cushion Sea Star, Oreaster reticulatus, commonly known as the West Indian sea star, is a species of marine invertebrate, a starfish in the family Oreasteridae. It is found in shallow water in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The Red Cushion Star is the largest sea star found within its range, sometimes growing to about 50 centimetres in diameter.

Gold Coral thousand-year-old

Gold Coral thousand-year-old, Savalia savaglia, it 'a long-lived species, but rather rare. It appears that some very large colonies have reached the thousand years of age. The growth rate of the colony is slow and carbon-14 dating techniques have given an age of 2,700 years, giving this zoanthid one of the longest lifespans of any organism on Earth.

Colubrine sea krait

The yellow-lipped sea krait (Laticauda colubrina), also known as the banded sea krait or colubrine sea krait, is a species of venomous sea snake found in tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic waters. The snake has distinctive black stripes and a yellow snout, with a paddle-like tail for use in swimming. It spends much of its time under water to hunt, but returns to land to digest, rest, and reproduce.

Double Bar Rabbitfish

Double Bar Rabbitfish, Siganus virgatus, the Barhead spinefoot, or Double Bar Spinefoot is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region. Like all rabbitfishes, the dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays. The fin spines hold venom glands.

Big mediterranean Barrel jellyfish

Big mediterranean Barrel jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, It typically is up to 40 cm. in diameter, but can exceptionally reach 150 cm. or larger, making it the largest jellyfish in British waters, is moderately venomous but not as deadly as other species. Effects include a burning sensation on the skin, dermatitis, and ulcers which confirms it is toxic to humans. However, it does not pose a serious threat to humans.

Map puffer - Arothron mappa

The Map puffer (Arothron mappa), also known as the Map pufferfish, Scribbled pufferfish, or Kesho-fugu, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. The map puffer is typically found in tropical and subtropical waters from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific ocean. This fish contains tetrodotoxin, a potent and deadly chemical compound used to ward off predators.

Epinephelus ongus

Specklefin grouper,Epinephelus ongus, has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is found in the east African coast from Somalia to South Africa and Madagascar. It is then found in the Seychelles and the Maldives and southern India and Sri Lanka along the coasts of Thailand and Malaysia east into the Pacific Ocean as far as New Caledonia and Tonga. They are found as far north as the Ryukyu islands and Ogasawara islands in southern Japan and south to Australia

Flathead grey mullet - Mugil cephalus

Flathead grey mullets, Mugil cephalus, it is a fish able to withstand wide variations in salinity, in fact we find it regularly in marine waters, fresh or brackish waters. Extremely adaptable to all environments; we often find it at the mouths of rivers, in lagoon areas where sea water mixes with fresh water from the hinterland and inside bays and harbors. We met him among the roks of Castiglioncello: a well-known tourist and seaside resort near Livorno in Mediterranean sea.

Pulsanting Xenid - Heteroxenia fuscescens

The pulsating xenid (Heteroxenia fuscescens) is a species of soft coral in the family Xeniidae. The polyps of Heteroxenia fuscescens grow to form large clumping colonies up to 60 centimetres (24 in) across. Its polyp stalks are approximately 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long, each stalk ending in a ring of large feathery pinnate tentacles, eight per polyp, as is typical of octocorals. Polyps pulsate rhythmically around 40 times/ minute, moving their tentacles in a "pumping" or "pulsating" fashion.

Myripristis murdjan

White-edge soldierfish, Myripristis murdjan, is a species of soldierfish found in the Indo-Pacific. It is found at depths of 3–40 metres and inhabits sheltered coastal and offshore coral reefs, typically in turbid areas of bays or lagoons. During the day, it hides in caves or beneath ledges, while at night, it feeds on plankton. It can be found in loose aggregations, sometimes with other species of soldierfish.

Ophioderma longicauda

Among the many starfish that inhabit the Mediterranean Sea we find the funny Ofiure known  Brittle Starfish, Serpent starfish or Ophiuroid, (Ophioderma longicauda). They belong to the phylum Echinodermata, class Ophiuroidea, to the family Ophiodermatidae. The Brittle starfish is present throughout the Mediterranean Sea and generally lives hidden in the crevices of the cliffs or sheltered under rocks or debris present in the sea.

Heteractis magnifica

Heteractis magnifica, also known by the common names Magnificent sea Anemone or Ritteri Anemone, is a species of sea anemone belonging to the Stichodactylidae family native to the Indo-Pacific area. The Magnificent sea Anemone is characterized by a flared oral disc, which reaches between 20 and 50 cm in diameter,

Diodon liturosus

The black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus), also known as Shortspine porcupinefish, is a member of the family Diodontidae. It is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific on coral and rocky reefs and in inshore waters. Other names are the blotched porcupinefish and the brown-backed porcupinefish.

Goldblotch grouper

Goldblotch grouper, Epinephelus costae is a common grouper species found in the southern Mediterranean Sea. It's usually found from Rome onward, where it's also called "Dotto" (literally, "Doctor") for its proverbial cunning ...

Chaetodon falcula

Chaetodon falcula, the blackwedged butterflyfish or falcula butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish a butterflay belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the Indian Ocean. Has a white body which is marked with a number of thin vertical dark grey lines.

Honeycomb grouper

The Honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra) is a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution where it is found in coastal and offshore reefs in shallow waters. The Honeycomb grouper is one of the most common small groupers of the Indo-Pacific. It is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific.

Coral Rabbitfish

The Coral Rabbitfish, (Siganus corallinus), or blue-spotted spinefoot, ocellated spinefoot or orange spinefoot, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific where it is often caught as a food fish and occasionally as an aquarium fish.

Pennaria disticha

Pennaria disticha, also known as the Christmas tree hydroid, is a species of athecate hydroid in the family Pennariidae. Colonies are common in the Mediterranean Sea growing on rocks close to the surface. This species has been used in research into prey capture. Colonies of Pennaria disticha consist of numerous much-branched stems up to 30 cm high.

Precious coral of Mediterranean Sea

Precious coral, (Corallium rubrum), or Red coral, is the common name given to a genus of marine corals, Corallium. The distinguishing characteristic of precious corals is their durable and intensely colored red or pink-orange skeleton, which is used for making jewelry.

Dipsastraea speciosa

Dipsastraea speciosa (previously called Favia speciosa) is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It is found in tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Dipsastraea speciosa has rounded to very elongated corallites, with diameters of 10 to 15 mm.

Dolphins Encounter

Encountering dolphins in our seas is fairly easy, but it's one thing to spot them while sailing or see them leaping in the distance, and quite another to find them "playing under the boat", almost touching them. For us, August 15th has become a regular event. The video really was actually taken on August 16th, about 7-8 miles off the Livorno coast ...

Golden anemone - Condylactis aurantiaca

Golden anemone, Condylactis aurantiaca, or sand anemone, is one of the most beautiful anemones endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, both for the colorful arms and the large size it can sometimes reach. On this dive in early August 2025, we are exploring rocky and coralligenous walls ranging from a depth of 36 to a maximum of 42 meters ...

European spider crab - Maja squinado

European spider crab, Maja squinado (spiny spider crab, or spinous spider crab). This crustacean of the Majidae family was very common about thirty years ago, and specimens like the one we see in the video were very easy to find in the intertidal tidal pools, provided they had plenty of rocks to hide in and algae to grow on their backs to camouflage them from predators. ...

Christmas tree hydroid - Idroide piumato

Pennaria disticha, also known as the Christmas tree hydroid, is a species of athecate hydroid in the family Pennariidae. Colonies are common in the Mediterranean Sea growing on rocks close to the surface. This species has been used in research into prey capture. Colonies of Pennaria disticha consist of numerous much-branched stems up to 30 cm high. The branching system is alternate.

Titan triggerfish

The Titan triggerfish, Balestra titano  Giant triggerfish or Moustache triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens) is a large species of triggerfish found in lagoons and at reefs to depths of 50 m. in most of the Indo-Pacific, though it is absent from Hawaii. With a length of up to 75 centimetres. it is the largest species of triggerfish in its range ...

Arothron stellatus

Starry Toadfish, Arothron stellatus, also known as the stellate puffer, starry puffer or starry pufferfish, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Tetraodontidae. It is found in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. Arothron stellatus is a very large pufferfish which grows up ...

Castagnole blu

Even in this summer of 2025, like every summer, we witness the birth and growth of the Black Damselfish, Chromis chromis, the only one of its kind Pomacentridi - Pomacentridae - in the Mediterranean Sea. In these sequences we see it in its shining electric blue livery, when the little fish are still small, a few weeks after the hatching of the eggs laid in winter, spring by the females and guarded by the male until ...

Coral reef of Oslob in the Philippines

The video you are watching was taken in a coral reef in Oslob, Philippines. The coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. ...

Bothus ocellatus

 Eyed Flounder (Bothus ocellatus) is a species of fish in the family Bothidae. The species is found on or near the sandy seabed in relatively shallow waters in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, its range extending from Canada to southern Brazil ...