Humphead wrasse

Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is a large species of wrasse mainly found on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. It is also known as the Māori wrasse, Napoleon wrasse, Napoleon fish, Napoleonfish,  The humphead wrasse is the largest living member of the family Labridae. ...

Basket Star

La Stella Gorgone, (Astrospartus mediterraneus), (Risso,1826) è un echinoderma della famiglia delle Gorgonocephalidae. Appartiene alla classe Ophiuroidea al phylum Echinodermata. Il nome scientifico deriva da latino aster (stella) e spartos (arbusto). Il nome inglese (basket star) deriva dall'abitudine di raggomitolarsi a cesto ...

Brown Meagre

Brown meagre or Corb (Sciaena umbra) is a species of croaker found in, the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea  and Black Sea  occurring in shallow waters and sandy bottoms. It is harvested for human consumption, especially in the Mediterranean. The brown meagre is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the southern English Channel ...

Common Octopus

Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is a mollusc belonging to the class Cephalopoda. Octopus vulgaris is the most studied of all octopus species. It is considered cosmopolitan, that is, a global species, which ranges from the eastern Atlantic, extends from the Mediterranean and the southern coast of England ...

Blaktip reef Shark

Blacktip reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, which can be easily identified by the prominent black tips on its fins (especially on the first dorsal fin and its caudal fin). Among the most abundant sharks inhabiting the tropical coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans ...

Grouper of Mediterranean Sea

This video shows a typical reef of Mediterranean reef particularly exploited by sport fishermen. As you can see there are many nylon fishing lines that have remained entangled in the rocks like this however create pollution from plastic materials. The Grouper of  Mediterranean Sea is inside his den but...

Sand steenbras

Sand steenbras or Striped seabream (Lithognathus Mormoryus) belongs to the class Osteichthyes, subclass Actinopterygii, order Perciformes, suborder Percoidei, family Sparidae. It is a beautiful elegant silver-colored fish with six very dark and highlighted vertical bands and an equal number of narrower and less evident bands, the body is long and compressed laterally, ...

Cylinder anemone Cerianthus membranaceus

Cerianthus membranaceus, the cylinder anemone or coloured tube anemone, is aspecies  of large, tube-dwelling anemone in the family Cerenthidae. It is native to the Mediterranean Sea and adjoining parts of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Cerianthus membranaceus is a large, tube-dwelling anemone ...

Picasso triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus

Lagoon triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus), also known as the blackbar Triggerfish, the Picasso triggerfish, or the Picassofish, is a triggerfish, up to 30 cm in length, found on reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. This species has been studied in a range of research contexts, from locomotion to color vision research. ...

Spiny Oysters Spondylus gaederopus

While snorkelling in the sea off the island of Cyprus I met this dark purple Spiny Oyster firmly anchored to the rocks. This Oyster, Spondylus gaederopus, has become rare to come across for various reasons; some maintain that there has been an excessive fishing for food purposes, others maintain that their rarefaction is due to...

Bogues that devour a Barrel jellyfish

Boops boops commonly called the bogue, is a species of seabream native to the eastern Atlantic. Its common name in most languages refers to its large ("bug") eyes. The species is found off the coasts of Europe, Africa, the Azores and the Canary Islands, from Norway to Angola, and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. ...

Cigar jellyfish Olindias phosphorica

Olindias phosphorica, or Cigar jellyfish, is a species of hydrozoan from the central and eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean sea is a predominantly warm body of water, thus Olindias phosphorica is a warm-water Jellyfish. Global warming has facilitated the proliferation of the species throughout the Mediterranean sea ...

Clown Triggerfish Balistoides conspicillum

Clown Triggerfish (Balistoides conspicillum), also known as the Bigspotted Triggerfish, is a demersal marine fish belonging to the family Balistidae, or commonly called triggerfish. The Clown Triggerfish is a fish which grows up to 50 cm.  Its body has a stocky appearance ...

Wide-eyed flounder

In this period, in fact, many fish such as the wide-eyed flounder - Bothus podas - live and look for food in that foreshore area where we humans continually move the sand, helping it in some way in its search of food. Wide-eyed flounder (Bothus podas Delaroche, 1809) is a sea fish ...

Hermit crab in Phalium glaucum shell

Pagurus belongs to the Paguridae family. Hermit crabs are crustaceans with a curved and soft abdomen. It lives in empty shells of gastropods on which it sometimes attacks sponges or poisonous actinias to camouflage and defend itself. In case of danger it can withdraw completely inside the shell. ...

Piero Foscari ship wreck

Il 10 Settembre del 2023 è ricorso l’ottantesimo anno dall’affondamento della nave Piero Foscari avvenuto il 10 Settembre del 1943 a Castiglioncello. In questo video vi faccio vedere ciò che resta del relitto completamente distrutto durante l’ultima guerra. Inoltre dopo 80 anni il mare ...

Indian Triggerfish Melichthys indicus

Indian Triggerfish (Melichthys indicus), also known as the black-finned Triggerfish, has a brown body and black fins with white lines at the base of the dossal and anal fins. It is found across the Indian Ocean. They can grow up to 25 cm. long. The Indian triggerfish usually ...

Spanish Mediterranean Dancer

In this video we can see a wonderful example of Spanish Mediterranean Dancer or Depilatory Sea Hare. It is a nudibranch mollusk, Aplysia depilans, that lives in the Mediterranean seabed at a depth ranging from 1 meter up to 10 meters. We met her in apnea in a rocky bottom around 2 meters. Elegant in its movements it seems to fly in the water with grace ...

Emperor Angelfish

Emperor Angelfish (Pomacanthus imperator) is a species of marine angelfish. It is a reef-associated fish, native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from Red Sea to Hawai and the Austral Islands. This species is generally associated with stable populations and faces no major threats of extinction. It is a favorite of photographers, artists, ...

Goblet sponge Calyx nicaeensis

I met this Calyx nicaeensis, Goblet Sponge, during a dive in the reefs of the Secche di Vada near Livorno. The name owes it to its characteristic goblet shape. According to some experts, this sponge has become extremely rare in the Mediterranean sea because it requires very stable water temperature and biological conditions: small variations are enough ...

Red Squirrelfish

We met the Red Squirrelfish (Sargocentron rubrum) in the sea of ​​Cyprus while snorkelling among the rocks of the island. We did not expect to have this meeting in the Mediterranean because it is a tropical fish present in all tropical seas and in particular in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The reason for this sighting, as indeed for other tropical species now present ...

Red starfish

Finding a starfish is one of the first experiences a diver can have, especially the Red starfish - Echinaster sepositus - one of the many species among the most common in the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Spiny starfish Martasteria

Martasteria, spiny starfish (Marthasterias glacialis Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most common starfish in the Mediterranean Sea, it is an echinoderm of the Asteriidae family. Spiny starfish Martasteria Stella marina spinosa Marthasterias glacialis ...

Red sponge Spirastrella cunctatrix

Red sponge or spirastrella (Spirastrella cunctatrix) is a sponge of the Spirastrellidae family belonging to the demospongiae class. It is an encrusting red-orange sponge (which can sometimes turn green, blue and grey), characterized by very evident channels that culminate in the osculum, rough to the touch due to the presence of spicules. ...

Garfish

Garfish, Belone belone is a bony sea fish belonging to the Belonidae family. It commonly lives in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic, in coastal areas around the Canary Islands, the Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde, as well as in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Garfish is a pelagic species, i.e. it lives mostly in the open sea and usually in the Mediterranean it approaches ...

Acanthurus bariene

Acanthurus bariene is a tropical fish also commonly known as the bariene surgeonfish, blackspot surgeonfish, or eyespot surgeonfish. It was first named by René Primavère Lesson in 1831. This species is widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific from Mozambique and the Maldives in the west to the Solomon Islands in the east and reaching ...

Phalium glaucum seashell

Phalium glaucum, common name the grey bonnet or glaucus bonnet, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cassidae, the helmet snails and bonnet snails. This species lives on sandy bottoms with seagrass meadows, in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas to a depth of about 10 m. Shell of Phalium glaucum. ...

Sea pen Pennatula phosphorea

Pennatula phosphorea  is a octocoral in the family Pennatulidae.  Pennatula is a genus of sea pens in the family Pennatulidae. The genus contains several bioluminescent species, including Pennatula rubra, Pennatula phosphorea and Pennatula aculeata. Sea pens are colonial marine cnidarians belonging to the order Pennatulacea. ...

Moray

Moray Eel is often identified as an aggressive and dangerous fish but as we can see from this video it is anything but an "evil titan of the seas". We are on a rocky and coral seabed typical of the Mediterranean Sea at about 46/48 meters deep, where we often meet the Mediterranean moray ...

Submerged marine life

I made this video during a reef dive about 6 miles offshore of Castiglioncello near Livorno. It is a fairly isolated stretch of rocks at a depth between 44 and 46 meters. As you can see, the clear water offers good visibility; the rocks, mainly coralline, are full of dens, small caves particularly suitable for marine life and the biological diversity typical of the Mediterranean ...

Haliotis tuberculata lamellosa – Abalones Haliotis Ear of Venus

Abalones or Haliotis are gastropod molluscs of the genus Haliotidae. In Italy the name that is used is Ear of Venus, a name that derives from the beauty of the pearlaceus side inside the shell. The external side as seen is completely different and looks like a concretion or a rock, and it is precisely for this reason that they are difficult to identify ...

Cleaning station for Titan triggerfish

In this video we show you a particular form of mutualistic symbiosis, quite widespread in the marine aquatic environment, between a Labroides dimidiatus cleaner fish and a Titan Triggerfish. The cleaning operations constitute a mode of relationship in which the cleaner fish feeds on the ectoparasites, on the now dead skin tissue flaps and on the food ...

Blue Sponge

Phorbas tenacior, Blue sponge is one of the first organisms to colonize new wrecks or any submerged vertical surface not yet colonized by marine organisms. In this video we see it on a wreck about 30 meters deep. Probably this wreck is quite recent, perhaps sunk between the first and second world wars, ...

Barrel Jellyfish

Rhizostoma pulmo, Barrel Jellyfish is one of the most common jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. In the video we see it swimming under the surface of the water letting itself be carried away by the current and the waves, this jellyfish is completely harmless and we can easily touch it on the umbrella, the tentacles ...

Starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Astropecten jonstoni is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae. Starfishes of genus Astropecten live on mobile seabed (sandy, muddy or gravel seabed) and they remain largely buried under sediment during the day. During the late afternoon and the night starfishes go out to hunt mainly bivalve molluscs, which are their favourite preys. Unlike other Astropecten ...

Neptunes' lace Sertella Reteporella grimaldii

Reteporella grimaldii is a species of bryozoans  in the family Reteporidae. It is composed of a colony of small animals that form a limestone substrate which takes the form of a refined lace. Hence the name of sea lace. The animals that compose it live on organic particles, plankton, filtering the water carried by the current., ...