Sponges - Porifera

Callyspongia Plicifera

Callyspongia Plicifera

La Spugna Callyspongia Plicifera è una spugna appartenente alla classe Demospongiae, ed alla famiglia Callyspogiidae. Callyspongia Plicifera Spugna Sponge intotheblue.it ...
Spongia officinalis

Spongia officinalis

Spongia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1759) è una spugna della famiglia Spongiidae . È la specie da cui si ricavavano le spugne da bagno. È specie protetta, ne è vietata la pesca.
Spugna Barile - Xestospongia muta

Spugna Barile - Xestospongia muta

La spugna Barile ( Xestospongia muta ) è la più grande specie di spugna che cresce sulle barriere coralline dei Caraibi. È comune a profondità superiori a 10 metri  fino a 120 metri e può raggiungere un diametro di 1,8 metri. ...
Spugna Calice - Calyx nicaeensis

Spugna Calice - Calyx nicaeensis

La Spugna Calice, Calyx nicaeensis, deve questo nome alla sua caratteristica forma a calice. Secondo alcuni esperti questa spugna è diventata estremamente rara nel Mar Mediterraneo perché richiede una temperatura dell’acqua e condizioni biologiche mol...
Spugna Callyspongia ramosa

Spugna Callyspongia ramosa

La spugna Callyspongia ramosa appartiene  al phylum: Porifera,alla classe: Demospongiae, all’ordine: Haplosclerida, alla famiglia Callyspongiidae. ...
Spugna cornea - Demospongiae

Spugna cornea - Demospongiae

Le Demospongiae, dette anche spugne silicee o spugne cornee, rappresentano la classe più vasta del phylum Porifera, comprendendo il 95% delle specie note. Le Spugne, al contrario di quanto si possa pensare a prima vista, sono organismi animali pluricellulari assa...
Spugna incrostante blu - Phorbas tenacior

Spugna incrostante blu - Phorbas tenacior

Phorbas tenacior Spugna Blu Blue Sponge intotheblue.it ...
Spugna Marina Tubolare - Callyspongia - Callyspongiidae

Spugna Marina Tubolare - Callyspongia - Callyspongiidae

Callyspongia è un genere di spugne, poriferi della famiglia Callyspongiidae. Callyspongia spugne poriferi Callyspongiidae intotheblue.it ...
Spugna Orecchio di Elefante - Spongia agaricina

Spugna Orecchio di Elefante - Spongia agaricina

La spugna Orecchia d'Elefante , (Spongia agaricina, Spongia lamella), ricorda una ciotola relativamente piatta. Nella parte inferiore si restringe, per formare il...
Spugna Ramificata - Axinella polypoides

Spugna Ramificata - Axinella polypoides

La Spugna Axinella polypoides, nota anche come Spugna ramificata, è una spugna appartenente alla classe Demospongiae, alla famiglia Axinellidae ed al phylum Porifera, presente in tutto il mar Mediterraneo ...
Spugna rossa - Spirastrella cunctatrix

Spugna rossa - Spirastrella cunctatrix

La spugna rossa o spirastrella (Spirastrella cunctatrix) è una spugna della famiglia delle Spirastrellidae appartenente alla classe delle demospongiae. È una spugna incrostante di colore rosso-arancio (che talvolta può virare al verde, blu e grigio), caratt...
Spugna Tedania - Tedania anhelans

Spugna Tedania - Tedania anhelans

La Tedania anhelans è una spugna di mare che si presenta con forma arborescente con colori che variano da trasparente a grigio chiaro o grigio scuro a seconda delle condizioni e delle profondità dell’ambiente in cui vive ...
Verongia - Aplysina aerophoba

Verongia - Aplysina aerophoba

La verongia (Aplysina aerophoba Nardo, 1843) è una spugna della famiglia delle Aplysinidae. Verongia Aplysina aerophoba spugna Aplysinidae intotheblue.it ...

Sponges (Porifera Grant, 1836, from the Latin bearers of pores) or sponges are an animal phylum. It is multi-cellular organisms, having pores rich bodies and channels that allow water to flow through them; They are basically made up of a lot, or spongocele, structured as a compound or gelatinous mesoglea placed between two thin layers of cells, the coanoderma, pinacoderma interior and the exterior.

The non-differentiated cells in the mesoglia, or archeoblasti, able to transform to take on specialized functions, can migrate between the layers of main cells and the mesoglia. They possess a skeletal structure, the endoskeleton, formed by calcareous or siliceous spicules, or consist of protein fibers spongin, produced by specialized cells. Sponges do not have equipment or different organs; most of the functions are based on maintaining a constant flow of water through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and remove catabolic products.

Aplysina aerophoba

Generality Sponges are, like the other metazoan, multicellular, heterotrophic, they do not have cell walls and produce sperm and ovules. Unlike other animals, they do not have real tissues and organs, and, generally, do not have somatic symmetry. The shapes of their bodies are adapted for maximum efficiency of the flow of water through the central cavity, where it deposits nutrients, and exits through a hole called osculum. The interior of skeletons are spongine and / or formed by spicules of calcium carbonate or silica. All Sponges are aquatic animals, mostly marine and sessile; There are also freshwater species, and colonize environments ranging from tidal zones at depths exceeding 8000 m.

Evolution The taxonomists place the sponges in one of four sottoregni animals, that of Parazoi. Molecular analysis since 2001 have concluded that some groups of sponges are more closely related to the eumetazoi (the vast majority of animal organisms) than the rest of sponges. These findings imply that sponges are not a monophyletic group since the last common ancestor of all the sponges would also be a direct ancestor of eumetazoi, which are not sponges. A study conducted on the basis of comparisons of ribosomal DNA has concluded that the most important division within the phylum is among glassy or Hexactinellid sponges and the rest of the group, and that eumetazoi are more closely related to calcareous sponges, the ones with spicules calcium carbonate, compared to other types of sponge. In 2007, an analysis based on the comparison of RNA and another based primarily on comparison of spicules concluded that demosponge and glass sponges are more closely related to each other than other classes, like the calcareous sponges, which in turn are more closely linked to eumetazoi.

These and other analyzes have established that the sponges are the closest relatives of the common ancestors to all metazoans, that all multicellular animals. Another comparison in 2008 of 150 genes in each of 21 species ranging from fungi to humans, but including only two species of sponge, suggested that Ctenophora are the most basal lineage of metazoans sampled. If this is correct, modern Ctenophora have developed their complex structures independently of other metazoans, or the ancestors of sponges “were more complex” and all known sponges have been drastically simplified in the forms.

The study recommends further analysis using a wider range of sponges and other simple metazoan as placozoi. The results of this analysis, published in 2009, suggest that the return to the previous view, with the sponges to the evolutionary tree based, can be justified. a dendrogram constructed using a combination of all available data, morphological, developmental and molecular concluded that the sponges are actually a monophyletic group, with the twin group cnidarians formats to bilateria.

The first evidence of the existence of fossil Porifera date back about 570 million years ago (late Precambrian): the finds of that period, the so-called small shelly fauna (from English small shelly fauna), are composed largely of clusters spicules of sponges, together with fragments or disarticulated remains of other organisms such as mollusks, brachiopods, echinoderms.

(Wikipedia)

 

25 comments

  1. forex robot on

    Excellent blog right here! Additionally your site a lot up fast! What host are you using? Can I am getting your associate hyperlink in your host? I want my website loaded up as fast as yours lol

  2. Eloise on

    We stumbled over here by a different page aand thought
    I might as well check things out. I like what I see so i am just
    following you. Loook forward to finding ouut about your web
    page yet again.

  3. geburtstagsgrüße on

    I’m amazed, I have to admit. Seldom do I encounter a blog
    that’s both equally educative and entertaining, and let me tell
    you, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is
    something too few folks are speaking intelligently about.
    I am very happy I came across this during my search for something concerning this.

  4. George Armon on

    Hello there! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new project in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a extraordinary job!

  5. funny games on

    I discovered your blog site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to keep up the very good operate. I just additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Seeking forward to reading more from you later on!?

  6. Georgia on

    Great post. I used to be checking continuously this blog and I’m inspired!
    Extremely helpful information particularly the closing
    phase 🙂 I handle such info much. I used to be looking for this particular info for a long time.
    Thanks and best of luck.

  7. bigbossvote.in on

    We are a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community.
    Your web site offered us with valuable information to work on. You have done a formidable job and our entire community will be thankful to you.

  8. Delbert on

    Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an extremely long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up.
    Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyhow,
    just wanted to say superb blog!

  9. http://myrightadvise.com/?q=node/369216 on

    Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging
    on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It’s always exciting
    to read content from other writers and use something from other websites.

Lascia un commento

%d blogger hanno fatto clic su Mi Piace per questo: